Vitamin B1US FDA Database Verified

thiamine (vitamin B1) (PO, OTC; IV, IM, Rx)

Generic: Thiamine

Brand: Betaxin , Betalin S, Biamine, Revitonus, Thiamilate

(thye'a-min)

Pregnancy Category: A

Pharmacological Action

Needed for pyruvate metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism

Therapeutic outcome: Prevention and treatment of thiamine deficiency

Uses

Vit B1 deficiency or polyneuritis, cheilosis adjunct with thiamine beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, pellagra, metabolic disorders, alcoholism

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity

Precautions: Pregnancy A

Dosage & Routes

RDA

Adult: PO (Male) 1.2-1.5 mg; (female) 1.1 mg; (pregnancy) 1.4 mg; (breastfeeding) 1.4 mg Child 9-13 yr: PO 0.9 mg Child 4-8 yr: PO 0.6 mg Child 1-3 yr: PO 0.5 mg Infant 6 mo-1 yr: PO 0.3 mg Neonate and infant to 6 mo: PO 0.3 mg Beriberi

Adult: PO 5-30 mg qd or given in 3 divided doses 3 1 month; IM/IV 5-30 mg qd or in 3 doses, then convert to PO

Child/infant: PO 10-50 mg qd 3 2 wk, then 5-10 mg qd 3 1 mo; IV/IM 10-25 mg/day 3 2 wk, then 5-10 mg qd 3 1 mo

Available forms: Tabs 50, 100, 250, 500 mg; inj 100 mg/ml; enteric-coated tabs 20 mg

Implementation IM route - Give by IM inj; rotate sites if pain and inflammation occur; do not mix with alkaline sol; Z-track to minimize pain - Application of cold compress may decrease pain - Store in airtight, light-resistant container Direct IV route - IV undiluted given over 5 min Continuous IV infusion route - Dilute in compatible IV sol

Syringe compatibilities: Doxapram

Y-site compatibilities: Famotidine

Adverse Effects

CNS: Weakness, restlessness

CV: Collapse, pulmonary edema, hypotension

EENT: Tightness of throat

GI: Hemorrhage, nausea, diarrhea

INTEG: Angioneurotic edema, cyanosis, sweating, warmth

SYST: Anaphylaxis

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well absorbed (PO, IM), completely absorbed (IV)

Distribution: Widely distributed

Metabolism: Liver

Excretion: Kidneys (unchanged—excess amounts)

Half-life: Unknown

Pharmacodynamics

Unknown

Nursing Considerations

Assessment - Anaphylaxis (IV only): assess for swelling of face, eyes, lips, throat, wheezing - Thiamine deficiency: assess for anorexia, weakness, pain, depression, confusion, blurred vision, tachycardia - Assess nutritional status: yeast, beef, liver, whole or enriched grains, legumes

Patient/family education - Teach patient necessary foods to be included in diet: yeast, beef, liver, legumes, whole grains

Evaluation

Positive therapeutic outcome: Absence of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, insomnia, tachycardia, paresthesias, depression, muscle weakness

Reference

Mosby's Drug Guide; Davis Drug Guide

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