tigecycline (Rx)
Generic: Tigecycline
Brand: Tygacil
(tye-ge-sye'kleen)
Pharmacological Action
Inhibits protein synthesis and phosphorylation in microorganisms; bacteriostatic, structurally similar to the tetracyclines
Therapeutic outcome: Resolution of infection
Uses
Complicated skin/skin structure infections: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis (vancomycin-susceptible only), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. anginosus group, S. pyogenes, Bacteroides fragilis; complicated intraabdominal infections (Citrobacter freundii), Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis (vancomycin-susceptible only), S. aureus (methicillin-susceptible only), S. anginosus group, B. fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, B. vulgatus, Clostridium perfringens, Peptostreptococcus micros, community-acquired pneumonia
Contraindications
Pregnancy D, breastfeeding, children <18 yr, hypersensitivity to tigecycline
Precautions: Renal/hepatic disease, hypersensitivity to tetracyclines, ventricular-associated hospital-acquired pneumonias
Dosage & Routes
Adult: IV 100 mg, then 50 mg q12 hr, IV INF is given over 30 min to 60 min q12 hr; given for 5-14 days depending on infection Hepatic dose (Child-Pugh C)
Adult: IV 100 mg, then 25 mg q12 hr
Available forms: Powder for inj, lyophilized 50 mg
Implementation - Tigecycline allergy test before using, obtain C&S, do not begin treatment before results Intermittent IV infusion route - Reconstitute each vial with 5.3 ml of 0.9% NaCl, or D5 W (10 mg/ml); swirl to dissolve; immediately withdraw 5 ml of the reconstituted sol and add to a 100-ml IV bag for inf (1 mg/ml); may be yellow or orange, if not, sol should be discarded; do not give if particulate matter is present, use a dedicated IV line or Y-site, flush with NS before and after use, give over ½ hr - Store in tight, light-resistant container at room temperature, diluted sol at room temp for up to 24 hr, 6 hr in vial, and remaining time in IV bag, 48 hr refrigerated
Y-site compatibilities: Acyclovir, alfentanil, allopurinol, amifostine, amikacin, aminocaproic acid, aminophylline, amphotericin B liposome, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, argatroban, azithromycin, aztreonam, bivalirudin, bumetanide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, calcium chloride/gluconate, CARBOplatin, carmustine, caspofungin, ceFAZolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoTEtan, cefOXitin, cefTAZidime, ceftizoxime, cefTRIAXone, cefuroxime, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, cisatracurium, CISplatin, clindamycin, cyclophosphamide, cycloSPORINE, cytarabine, dacarbazine, DACTINomycin, DAPTOmycin, DAUNOrubicin hydrochloride, dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, dexrazoxane, digoxin, diltiazem, diphenhydrAMINE, DOBUTamine, DOCEtaxel, dolasetron, DOPamine, doripenem, DOXOrubicin hydrochloride, DOXOrubicin liposome, droperidol, enalaprilat, EPINEPHrine, eptifibatide, ertapenem, erythromycin, esmolol, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, famotidine, fenoldopam, fentaNYL, fluconazole, fludarabine, fluorouracil, foscarnet, fosphenytoin, furosemide, ganciclovir, gemcitabine, gentamicin, glycopyrrolate, granisetron, haloperidol, heparin, hydrocortisone, HYDROmorphone, ifosfamide, imipenem/cilastatin, insulin, irinotecan, isoproterenol, ketorolac, labetalol, lansoprazole, lepirudin, leucovorin, levofloxacin, lidocaine, linezolid, LORazepam, magnesium sulfate, mannitol, mechlorethamine, melphalan, meperidine, meropenem, mesna, methohexital, methotrexate, methyldopa, metoclopramide, metoprolol, metroNIDAZOLE, midazolam, milrinone, mitoMYcin, mitoXANtrone, morphine, moxifloxacin, mycophenolate, nafcillin, nalbuphine, naloxone, nesiritide, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, norepinephrine, octreotide, ondansetron, oxaliplatin, oxytocin, PACLitaxel, palonosetron, pamidronate, pancuronium, pantoprazole, PEMEtrexed, pentamidine, pentazocine, PENTobarbital, PHENobarbital, phenylephrine, piperacillin/tazobactam, potassium acetate/chloride/phosphate, procainamide, prochlorperazine, promethazine, propofol, propranolol, ranitidine, remifentanil, rocuronium, sodium acetate/bicarbonate/phosphate, streptozocin, succinylcholine, SUFentanil, tacrolimus, teniposide, theophylline, thiopental, thiotepa, ticarcillin/clavulanate, tirofiban, tobramycin, topotecan, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, vasopressin, vecuronium, vinBLAStine, vinCRIStine, vinorelbine, zidovudine, zoledronic acid Y-site incompatibilities: Amiodarone, amphotericin B colloidal, bleomycin, chloramphenicol, chlorproMAZINE, dantrolene, DAUNOrubicin liposome, diazepam, epirubicin, hydrALAZINE, IDArubicin, niCARdipine, phenytoin, quinapristin/dalfopristin, verapamil
Adverse Effects
CNS: Headache, dizziness, insomnia
CV: Hypo/hypertension, phlebitis
EENT: Tooth discoloration
GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, constipation, dyspepsia, hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure, pseudomembranous colitis
HEMA: Anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia
INTEG: Rash, pruritus, sweating, photosensitivity
META: Increased ALT, AST, BUN, lactic acid, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia, bilirubinemia
MISC: Back pain, fever, abnormal healing, abdominal pain, abscess, asthenia, infection, pain, peripheral edema, local reactions
RESP: Cough, dyspnea
SYST: Anaphylaxis
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Unknown
Distribution: Protein binding 71%-89%
Metabolism: Not extensively
Excretion: 22% unchanged, urine; primarily biliarily excreted
Half-life: Terminal 42 hr
Pharmacodynamics
Unknown
Interactions
Individual drugs
Warfarin: increased effect of tigecycline
Drug classifications Oral contraceptives: decreased effect of tigecycline
Drug/lab test
Increased: amylase, LFTs, alk phos, BUN, creatinine, LDH, WBC, INR, PTT, PT
Decreased: potassium, calcium, sodium, Hgb/Hct, platelets
Nursing Considerations
Assessment - Pseudomembranous colitis: assess for diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, anorexia; possible anemia, elevated WBC, low serum albumin; stop product and usually give either vancomycin or IV metroNIDAZOLE - Assess for signs of anemia: Hct, Hgb, fatigue - Monitor blood tests: PT, CBC, AST, ALT, BUN creatinine - Assess for allergic reactions: rash, itching, pruritus, angioedema - Serious allergic skin reactions: assess for Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis - Assess for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; administer antiemetic, antacids as ordered - Assess for overgrowth of infection: fever, malaise, redness, pain, swelling, drainage, perineal itching, diarrhea, changes in cough or sputum -
Toxicity: assess for pseudotumor cerebri, photosensitivity, anti-anabolic actions (azotemia, BUN, hypophosphatemia, metabolic acidosis): tigecycline is structurally similar to tetracycline - Assess for pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia: may be fatal; if these occur, discontinue; improvement usually occurs after product is discontinued
Patient/family education - Teach patient to avoid sun exposure; sunscreen does not seem to decrease photosensitivity - Teach patient to avoid pregnancy while taking this product; fetal harm may occur; to avoid breastfeeding - Teach patient to report burning, pain at inj site
Evaluation
Positive therapeutic outcome: Decreased temp, absence of lesions, negative C&S
Reference
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